Dr. Lupa Ramadhani holds a PhD in International Relations from University College Dublin, Ireland and a Master of Arts and Bachelor of Arts conferred by the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. He is a veteran academic with over twenty years of teaching, research, consultancy and public service. Currently he is Senior Lecturer and from October 2024 has been serving as the Head of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at the University of Dar es Salaam. His main research interests include identity politics, conflict and conflict resolution, African international politics, and the democratisation processes in Africa, areas in which he has widely researched and published in reputable journals. Dr. Ramadhani previously served as Director in the Office of the Vice Chancellor for six years and before as Coordinator of Undergraduate Studies in the College of Social Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam. Dr. Ramadhani has a rich rapporteur of practical experience in democratisation in Tanzania having served for over fifteen years in various positions within the Research and Education for Democracy in Tanzania (REDET), an organisation that worked passionately in this area through research, civic education, public engagement, organising countrywide discussion forums and the annual state of politics conferences in Tanzania as well as workshops in the transitions to democracy in East Africa. He was also the founding Chairperson of the East and Horn of Africa Election Observers Network, based in Nairobi, Kenya, bringing together citizen election observation organisations from Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Dr. Ramadhani is a guest lecturer at the National Defence College, Tanzania.